Only Paris
Worthy Of Rome
Only Rome
Worthy Of Paris
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École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Marseille served
European Capital of Culture
2013 along with Košice
Marseille-Provence 2013 (MP2013) featured more than 900 cultural events held throughout Marseille
surrounding communities
These cultural events generated more than 11 million visitsEuropean Capital of Culture was also
occasion
unveil more than 600 million euros
new cultural infrastructure
Marseille
its environs
including
iconic MuCEM designed
Rudy RicciottiTarot de Marseille, Religion
France (2016) Sainte Chapelle interior showing painted stonework vaulting
stained glass. Emmanuel Macron (cropped).jpg Édouard Philippe (cropped).jpg Main article
French Armed Forces On 10 August 1792
angry crowd threatened
palace of King Louis XVI
who took refuge
Legislative AssemblyPrussian army invaded France later
August 1792
early September
Parisians
infuriated
Prussian army capturing Verdun
counter-revolutionary uprisings
west of France
murdered between 1,000
1,500 prisoners
raiding
Parisian prisons
Assembly
Paris city council seemed unable
stop that bloodshedNational Convention
chosen
first elections under male universal suffrage,
20 September 1792 succeeded
Legislative Assembly
21 September abolished
monarchy
proclaiming
French First Republic
Ex-King Louis XVI was convicted of treason
guillotined
January 1793
France had declared war
England
Dutch Republic
November 1792
did
same
Spain
March 1793
spring of 1793
Austria
Great Britain
Dutch Republic invaded France
March
France created
sister republic
Republic of MainzAlso
March 1793
civil war of
Vendée against Paris started
evoked
both
Civil Constitution of
Clergy of 1790
nationwide army conscription early 1793
elsewhere
France rebellion was brewing too
factionalist feud
National Convention
smoldering ever since October 1791
came
climax with
group of
'Girondins'
2 June 1793 being forced
resign
leave
Convention
counter-revolution
begun
March 1793
Vendée
July had spread
Brittany
Normandy
Bordeaux
Marseilles
Toulon
Lyon
Paris' Convention government between October
December 1793 with brutal measures managed
subdue most internal uprisings
cost of tens of thousands of lives
Some historians consider
civil war
have lasted until 1796 with
toll of possibly 450,000 lives
France
February 1794 abolished slavery
its American colonies
but would reintroduce
laterPolitical disagreements
enmity
National Convention between October 1793
July 1794 reached unprecedented levels
leading
dozens of Convention members being sentenced
death
guillotined
Meanwhile
France's external wars
1794 were going prosperous
example
Belgium
1795
government seemed
return
indifference towards
desires
needs of
lower classes concerning freedom of (Catholic) religion
fair distribution of food
Until 1799
politicians
apart from inventing
new parliamentary system (the 'Directory')
busied themselves with dissuading
people from Catholicism
from royalismNapoleon
19th century (1799–1914). Wesford Graduate Business School, Main article
Education
France 6th arrondissement
Brotteaux
Bellecombe
Parc de la Tête d'or
Cité Internationale. Napoleon
Emperor of
French
his Grande Armée built
vast Empire across Europe
His conquests spread
French revolutionary ideals across much of Europe
such
popular sovereignty
legal equality
republicanism
administrative reorganization while his legal reforms had
major impact worldwide
Nationalism
especially
Germany
emerged
reaction against himNapoleon Bonaparte seized control of
Republic
1799 becoming First Consul
later Emperor of
French Empire (1804–1814
1815)
continuation of
wars sparked
European monarchies against
French Republic
changing sets of European Coalitions declared wars
Napoleon's Empire
His armies conquered most of continental Europe with swift victories such
battles of Jena-Auerstadt or Austerlitz
Members of
Bonaparte family were appointed
monarchs
some of
newly established kingdoms
These victories led
worldwide expansion of French revolutionary ideals
reforms
such
Metric system
Napoleonic Code
Declaration of
Rights of Man
After
catastrophic Russian campaign
ensuing uprising of European monarchies against his rule
Napoleon was defeated
Bourbon monarchy restored
About
million Frenchmen died during
Napoleonic Wars
After his brief return from exile
Napoleon was finally defeated
1815
Battle of Waterloo
monarchy was re-established (1815–1830)
with new constitutional limitationsThe discredited Bourbon dynasty was overthrown
July Revolution of 1830
which established
constitutional July Monarchy
that year
French troops conquered Algeria
establishing
first colonial presence
Africa since Napoleon's abortive invasion of Egypt
1798
According
historian Ben Kiernan
French conquest
pacification of Algeria from 1830 until
early twentieth century slaughtered 825,000 Algerian people
French losses from 1831–51 were 92,329 dead
hospital
only 3,336 killed
actionIn 1848 general unrest led
February Revolution
end of
July Monarchy
abolition of slavery
male universal suffrage
both briefly enacted during
French Revolution were re-enacted
1848
1852
president of
French Republic
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte
Napoleon I's nephew
was proclaimed emperor of
second Empire
Napoleon III
He multiplied French interventions abroad
especially
Crimea
Mexico
Italy which resulted
annexation of
duchy of Savoy
county of Nice
then part of
Kingdom of Sardinia
Napoleon III was unseated following defeat
Franco-Prussian War of 1870
his regime was replaced
Third Republicanimated gif of French colonial territory
world map, The most commonly used tarot deck takes its name from
city
has been called
Tarot de Marseille since
1930s—a name coined
commercial use
French cardmaker
cartomancer Paul Marteau
owner of B–P Grimaud
Previously this deck was called Tarot italien (Italian Tarot)
even earlier
was simply called Tarot
Before being de Marseille
was used
play
local variant of tarocchi before
became used
cartomancy
end of
18th century
following
trend set
Antoine Court de Gébelin
name Tarot de Marseille (Marteau used
name ancien Tarot de Marseille) was used
contrast
other types of Tarots such
Tarot de Besançon
those names were simply associated with cities where there were many cardmakers
18th century (previously several cities
France were involved
cardmaking)Another local tradition
making of santons
small hand-crafted figurines
traditional Provençal Christmas creche
Since 1803
starting
last Sunday of November
there has been
Santon Fair
Marseille
currently held
Cours d'Estienne d'Orves
large square off
Vieux-PortOpera, Main article
Economy of Paris According
2012 French census
586,163 residents of
City of Paris
or 26.2 percent
2,782,834 residents of
Paris Region (Île-de-France)
or 23.4 percent
were born outside of Metropolitan France (the last figure up from 22.4%
2007 census)26,700 of these
City of Paris
210,159
Paris Region were people born
Overseas France (more than two-thirds of whom
French West Indies)
therefore not counted
immigrants since they were legally French citizens
birthA further 103,648
City of Paris
412,114
Paris Region were born
foreign countries with French citizenship
birth
This concerns
particular
many Christians
Jews from North Africa who moved
France
Paris after
times of independence
not counted
immigrants due
their being born French citizensThe remaining group
people born
foreign countries with no French citizenship
birth
those defined
immigrants under French law
According
2012 census
135,853 residents of
city of Paris were immigrants from Europe
112,369 were immigrants from
Maghreb
70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa
Egypt
5,059 from Turkey
91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey)
38,858 from
Americas
1,365 from
South Pacific
Note that
immigrants from
Americas
South Pacific
Paris
vastly outnumbered
migrants from French overseas regions
territories located
these regions of
worldIn
Paris Region
590,504 residents were immigrants from Europe
627,078 were immigrants from
Maghreb
435,339 from sub-Saharan Africa
Egypt
69,338 from Turkey
322,330 from Asia (outside Turkey)
113,363 from
Americas
2,261 from
South Pacific
These last two groups of immigrants
again vastly outnumbered
migrants from French overseas regions
territories located
Americas
South PacificIn 2012
there were 8,810 British citizens
10,019 US citizens living
City of Paris (Ville de Paris)
20,466 British citizens
16,408 US citizens living
entire Paris Region (Île-de-France)Religion.
The Opéra Bastille Main article
Paris Métro, The European Parliament
Strasbourg
near
border with Germany
France
founding member of all EU institutionsFrance
member of
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)
but under President de Gaulle
excluded itself from
joint military command
protest
special relationship between
United States
Britain
preserve
independence of French foreign
security policies
However
result of Nicolas Sarkozy's pro-American politics (much criticised
France
leftists
part of
right)
France rejoined
NATO joint military command
4 April 2009In
early 1990s
country drew considerable criticism from other nations
its underground nuclear tests
French Polynesia
France vigorously opposed
2003 invasion of Iraq, straining bilateral relations with
United States
United KingdomFrance retains strong political
economic influence
its former African colonies (Françafrique)
has supplied economic aid
troops
peace-keeping missions
Ivory Coast
Chad
Recently
after
unilateral declaration of independence of northern Mali
Tuareg MNLA
subsequent regional Northern Mali conflict with several Islamist groups including Ansar Dine
MOJWA
France
other African states intervened
help
Malian Army
retake controlIn 2013
France was
fourth-largest (in absolute terms) donor of development aid
world
behind
United States
United Kingdom
Germany
This represents 0.36% of its GDP
this regard rating France
twelfth largest donor
listorganisation managing
French help
French Development Agency
which finances primarily humanitarian projects
sub-Saharan Africamain goals of this support
developing infrastructure
access
health care
education
implementation of appropriate economic policies
consolidation of
rule of law
democracyMilitary. 1st arrondissement
Slopes of La Croix-Rousse
Terreaux
Martinière/St-Vincent, ISARA (Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture Rhône Alpes)
Cité Scolaire Internationale de Lyon or
Lycée de Gerland. The city's top tourist attraction was
Notre Dame Cathedral
which welcomed
estimated 12,000,000 visitors
2017
Second was
Basilique du Sacré-Cœur
Montmartre
with
estimated 11 million visitors
This was followed
Louvre Museum (8.02 million visitors)
Eiffel Tower (6.2 million)
Centre Pompidou (3.3 million visitors)
Musée d'Orsay (3.2 million)
City of Science
Industry (2.4 million visitors)
Chapel of Our Lady of
Miraculous Medal (2 million visitors)
Museum of Natural History (1.7 million visitors)
Arc de Triomphe (1.3 million visitors)The centre of Paris contains
most visited monuments
city
including
Notre Dame Cathedral
Louvre
well
Sainte-Chapelle
Les Invalides
where
tomb of Napoleon
located
Eiffel Tower
located
Left Bank south-west of
centre
Panthéon
Catacombs of Paris
also located
Left Bank of
Seine
banks of
Seine from
Pont de Sully
Pont d'Iéna have been listed
UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991The Axe historique
pictured here from Concorde
Grande Arche of La Défense. Unemployment
economy fell from 20%
1995
14%
2004
However
Marseille unemployment rate remains higher than
national average
some parts of Marseille
youth unemployment
reported
be
high
40%Administration. The Louvre was
most visited art museum
world
2017
with 8.1 million visitors
Its treasures include
Mona Lisa (La Joconde)
Venus de Milo statue
Liberty Leading
People
many other notable works
second-most visited museum
city
with 3.3 million visitors
was
Centre Georges Pompidou
also known
Beaubourg
which houses
Musée National d'Art Moderne
third most visited Paris museum
building constructed
Universal Exhibition of 1900
Orsay railway station
was
Musée d'Orsay
which had 3.2 million visitors
2017
Orsay displays French art of
19th century
including major collections of
Impressionists
Post-Impressionists
Musée de l'Orangerie
near both
Louvre
Orsay
also exhibits Impressionists
Post-Impressionists
including most of Claude Monet's large Water Lilies murals
Musée national du Moyen Âge
or Cluny Museum
presents Medieval art
including
famous tapestry cycle of
Lady
Unicorn
Guimet Museum
or Musée national des arts asiatiques
has one of
largest collections of Asian art
Europe
There
also notable museums devoted
individual artists
including
Picasso Museum
Rodin Museum
Musée national Eugène DelacroixMusée du quai Branly. Health care
emergency medical service
city of Paris
its suburbs
provided
Assistance publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)
public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners
support personnel
administrators)
44 hospitalslargest hospital system
Europe
provides health care
teaching
research
prevention
education
emergency medical service
52 branches of medicine
hospitals receive more than 5.8 million annual patient visitsOne of
most notable hospitals
Hôtel-Dieu
founded
651
oldest hospital
city
Other hospitals include Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (one of
largest
Europe)
Hôpital Cochin
Hôpital Bichat
Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou
Bicêtre Hospital
Beaujon Hospital
Curie Institute
Lariboisière Hospital
Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital
Hôpital Saint-Louis
Hôpital de la Charité
American Hospital of ParisMedia, Tour de France pelleton 9 July 2005
begin of
ascend
Cote de Bad Herrenalb. The most commonly used tarot deck takes its name from
city
has been called
Tarot de Marseille since
1930s—a name coined
commercial use
French cardmaker
cartomancer Paul Marteau
owner of B–P Grimaud
Previously this deck was called Tarot italien (Italian Tarot)
even earlier
was simply called Tarot
Before being de Marseille
was used
play
local variant of tarocchi before
became used
cartomancy
end of
18th century
following
trend set
Antoine Court de Gébelin
name Tarot de Marseille (Marteau used
name ancien Tarot de Marseille) was used
contrast
other types of Tarots such
Tarot de Besançon
those names were simply associated with cities where there were many cardmakers
18th century (previously several cities
France were involved
cardmaking)Another local tradition
making of santons
small hand-crafted figurines
traditional Provençal Christmas creche
Since 1803
starting
last Sunday of November
there has been
Santon Fair
Marseille
currently held
Cours d'Estienne d'Orves
large square off
Vieux-PortOpera. Église Saint-Bonaventure
14th-
15th-century Gothic church, Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon
fine arts museum housed
former convent of
17th century
including
Baroque chapelle Saint-Pierre.
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