Protestant (20,000) Only Paris
Worthy Of Rome
Only Rome
Worthy Of Paris
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See description On 14 June 1940
German army marched into Paris
which had been declared
open city16–17 July 1942
following German orders
French police
gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews
including 4,115 children
confined them during five days
Vel d'Hiv (Vélodrome d'Hiver)
from which they were transported
train
extermination camp
Auschwitz
None of
children came back25 August 1944
city was liberated
French 2nd Armoured Division
4th Infantry Division of
United States Army
General Charles de Gaulle led
huge
emotional crowd down
Champs Élysées towards Notre Dame de Paris
made
rousing speech from
Hôtel de VilleIn
1950s
1960s
Paris became one front of
Algerian War
independence
August 1961
pro-independence FLN targeted
killed 11 Paris policemen
leading
imposition of
curfew
Muslims of Algeria (who
that time
were French citizens)
17 October 1961
unauthorised but peaceful protest demonstration of Algerians against
curfew led
violent confrontations between
police
demonstrators
which
least 40 people were killed
including some thrown into
Seine
anti-independence Organisation armée secrète (OAS)
their part
carried out
series of bombings
Paris throughout 1961
1962In May 1968
protesting students occupied
Sorbonne
put up barricades
Latin Quarter
Thousands of Parisian blue-collar workers joined
students
movement grew into
two-week general strike
Supporters of
government won
June elections
large majority
May 1968 events
France resulted
break-up of
University of Paris into 13 independent campuses1975
National Assembly changed
status of Paris
that of other French cities and
25 March 1977
Jacques Chirac became
first elected mayor of Paris since 1793Tour Maine-Montparnasse
tallest building
city
57 storeys
210 metres (689 feet) high
was built between 1969
1973
was highly controversial
remains
only building
centre of
city over 32 storeys highpopulation of Paris dropped from 2,850,000
1954
2,152,000
1990
middle-class families moved
suburbssuburban railway network
RER (Réseau Express Régional)
was built
complement
Métro
Périphérique expressway encircling
city
was completed
1973Most of
postwar's Presidents of
Fifth Republic wanted
leave their own monuments
Paris
President Georges Pompidou started
Centre Georges Pompidou (1977)
Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began
Musée d'Orsay (1986)
President François Mitterrand
power
14 years
built
Opéra Bastille (1985–1989)
new site of
Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996)
Arche de la Défense (1985–1989)
Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983–1989)
Jacques Chirac (2006)
Musée du quai BranlyIn
early 21st century
population of Paris began
increase slowly again
more young people moved into
city
reached 2.25 million
2011
March 2001
Bertrand Delanoë became
first Socialist Mayor of Paris
2007
effort
reduce car traffic
city
he introduced
Vélib'
system which rents bicycles
use of local residents
visitors
Bertrand Delanoë also transformed
section of
highway along
Left Bank of
Seine into
urban promenade
park
Promenade des Berges de la Seine
which he inaugurated
June 2013In 2007
President Nicolas Sarkozy launched
Grand Paris project
integrate Paris more closely with
towns
region around it
After many modifications
new area
named
Metropolis of Grand Paris
with
population of 6.7 million
was created
1 January 20162011
City of Paris
national government approved
plans
Grand Paris Express
totalling 205 kilometres (127 miles) of automated metro lines
connect Paris
innermost three departments around Paris
airports
high-speed rail (TGV) stations
estimated cost of €35 billionsystem
scheduled
be completed
2030On 5 April 2014
Anne Hidalgo
Socialist
was elected
first female Mayor of ParisTerrorist attacks. The population of Paris had dropped
100,000 during
Revolution
but between 1799
1815
surged with 160,000 new residents
reaching 660,000
Napoleon Bonaparte replaced
elected government of Paris with
prefect reporting only
him
He began erecting monuments
military glory
including
Arc de Triomphe
improved
neglected infrastructure of
city with new fountains
Canal de l'Ourcq
Père Lachaise Cemetery
city's first metal bridge
Pont des ArtsRichelieu reading room
National Library of France, Caves
Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil
part of
UNESCO Prehistoric Sites
Decorated Caves of
Vézère ValleyGeological formations near Roussillon
Vaucluse dating back
Post-classical historyMetropolitan France has
wide variety of topographical sets
natural landscapes
Large parts of
current territory of France were raised during several tectonic episodes like
Hercynian uplift
Paleozoic Era
during which
Armorican Massif
Massif Central
Morvan
Vosges
Ardennes ranges
island of Corsica were formed
These massifs delineate several sedimentary basins such
Aquitaine basin
southwest
Paris basin
north
latter including several areas of particularly fertile ground such
silt beds of Beauce
Brie
Various routes of natural passage
such
Rhône valley
allow easy communications
Alpine
Pyrenean
Jura mountains
much younger
have less eroded forms
4,810.45 metres (15,782 ft) above sea level
Mont Blanc
located
Alps
French
Italian border
highest point
Western EuropeAlthough 60% of municipalities
classified
having seismic risks
these risks remain moderate
coastlines offer contrasting landscapes
mountain ranges along
French Riviera
coastal cliffs such
Côte d'Albâtre
wide sandy plains
Languedoc
Corsica lies off
Mediterranean coast
France has
extensive river system consisting of
four major rivers Seine
Loire
Garonne
Rhône
their tributaries
whose combined catchment includes over 62% of
metropolitan territory
Rhône divides
Massif Central from
Alps
flows into
Mediterranean Sea
Camargue
Other water courses drain towards
Meuse
Rhine along
north-eastern borders
France has 11 million square kilometres (4.2×106 sq mi) of marine waters within three oceans under its jurisdiction
of which 97%
overseasClimate, Emmanuel Macron Most of
low-lying areas of metropolitan France
located
oceanic climate zone
Cfb
Cfc
Köppen classification
Corsica
small part of
territory bordering
mediterranean basin lies
Csa
Csb zones
French metropolitan territory
relatively large
climate
not uniform
giving rise
following climate nuances.
ESME-Sudria
The population of Paris today
lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million
1921
principal reasons were
significant decline
household size
dramatic migration of residents
suburbs between 1962
1975
Factors
migration included de-industrialisation
high rent
gentrification of many inner quarters
transformation of living space into offices
greater affluence among working families
city's population loss came
end
21st century
population estimate of July 2004 showed
population increase
first time since 1954
population reached 2,234,000
2009According
Eurostat
EU statistical agency
2012
Commune of Paris was
most densely populated city
European Union
with 21,616 people per square kilometre within
city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area)
ahead of Inner London West
which had 10,374 people per square kilometre
According
same census
three departments bordering Paris
Hauts-de-Seine
Seine-Saint-Denis
Val-de-Marne
had population densities of over 10,000 people per square kilometre
ranking among
10 most densely populated areas of
EUMigration, ENTPE (École Nationale des Travaux Publiques de l'État), Ecole Centrale de Marseille part of Centrale Graduate School. Main articles
History of France § Napoleonic France (1799–1815)
History of France § Long 19th century
1815–1914
First French Empire
Second French Empire
French colonial empire.
Timothy W Kutas DDS